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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 43(3): 170-177, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003433

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Medical education has evolved considerably over the last few years, especially through adoption of new technologies and active methodologies. These methodologies aim to improve learning and engage students deeply in the process. TBL is a methodology widely used in health schools, including Medical Schools. We can use it to work with large groups, divided into small teams. The students first work individually, then within teams, and finally the groups cooperate to solve applied problems. Objectives To describe students' perceptions and satisfaction about a Medical Genetics course organized into blocks of subject in which we used TBL sessions with first-year medical students. Methods A Medical Genetics course were organized into subject blocks in which a TBL session was conducted in each of these blocks to improve the learning process. At the end of the course, the students answered a questionnaire on satisfaction and perceptions. Results By the first time we described a Medical Genetics course organized into 5 blocks of subject matter on a total of 25 genetic diseases in which a TBL session was conducted in each of these blocks. We enrolled a total of 290 participants and 96% of the students were satisfied with TBL. Furthermore, 97% of students believe that TBL helped them to learn, and 87% approved of use of TBL in the future at other stages of their medical course. Conclusion Application of the TBL method during a medical genetics course was well-received by students and proved an important tool in the structures of curricula for medical education at this university.


RESUMO Introdução A educação médica evoluiu consideravelmente nos últimos anos, especialmente através da adoção de novas tecnologias e metodologias ativas. Essas metodologias visam melhorar a aprendizagem e envolver os alunos profundamente no processo. O TBL é uma metodologia amplamente utilizada em escolas de saúde, incluindo escolas médicas. Podemos usá-lo para trabalhar com grandes grupos, divididos em pequenas equipes. Primeiro, os alunos trabalham individualmente, depois dentro das equipes e, finalmente, os grupos cooperam para resolver os problemas aplicados. Objetivos Descrever as percepções e a satisfação dos alunos em relação a um curso de Genética Médica organizado em blocos de assuntos em que utilizamos sessões de TBL com estudantes de medicina do primeiro ano. Métodos Um curso de Genética Médica foi organizado em blocos de assuntos em que uma sessão de TBL foi realizada em cada um desses blocos para melhorar o processo de aprendizagem. No final do curso, os alunos responderam a um questionário sobre satisfação e percepções. Resultados Pela primeira vez nós descrevemos um curso de Genética Médica organizado em 5 blocos de assuntos, compreendendo 25 doenças genéticas, nos quais, uma sessão de TBL foi conduzida em cada um desses blocos. Participaram um total de 290 alunos, dos quais 96% estavam satisfeitos com o método de TBL. Além disso, 97% dos estudantes acreditam que o TBL os ajudou a aprender, e 87% aprovaram o uso do TBL no futuro, em outras etapas de seu curso de medicina. Conclusão A aplicação do método TBL durante um curso de genética médica foi bem recebida pelos estudantes e se mostrou uma ferramenta importante na estruturação curricular para a educação médica nesta universidade.

2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(8): 1010-1016, Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769838

ABSTRACT

T-cell based vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) generate specific responses that may limit both transmission and disease progression by controlling viral load. Broad, polyfunctional, and cytotoxic CD4+T-cell responses have been associated with control of simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV-1 replication, supporting the inclusion of CD4+ T-cell epitopes in vaccine formulations. Plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) co-administration has been shown to induce potent CD4+ T-cell responses and to promote accelerated priming and increased migration of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells. However, no study has shown whether co-immunisation with pGM-CSF enhances the number of vaccine-induced polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells. Our group has previously developed a DNA vaccine encoding conserved, multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR binding HIV-1 subtype B peptides, which elicited broad, polyfunctional and long-lived CD4+ T-cell responses. Here, we show that pGM-CSF co-immunisation improved both magnitude and quality of vaccine-induced T-cell responses, particularly by increasing proliferating CD4+ T-cells that produce simultaneously interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2. Thus, we believe that the use of pGM-CSF may be helpful for vaccine strategies focused on the activation of anti-HIV CD4+ T-cell immunity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , AIDS Vaccines/immunology , Antigens, Viral/immunology , /immunology , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage , HIV-1 , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , /drug effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Movement/immunology , Conserved Sequence/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay , Flow Cytometry , Genetic Vectors , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Interferon-gamma/drug effects , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , /metabolism , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Lymphocyte Activation/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Plasmids , Protein Binding/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [76] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730792

ABSTRACT

As proteínas E7 (HPV), p24 (HIV) e gD (HSV) são exclusivamente expressas por células infectadas ou tumorais e, por isso, são utilizadas como alvos para vacinas com características terapêuticas. Foram desenvolvidas duas vacinas de DNA capazes de expressar as três proteínas virais por meio de um vetor de expressão bicistrônico baseado na sequência IRES. As vacinas, denominadas pIRES I e pIRES II, diferem entre si por transportarem os genes que codificam as proteínas E7 do HPV-16 e p24 do HIV fusionadas à proteína gD do HSV-1 em ordem inversa. Células COS-7 transfectadas com os plasmídeos vacinais expressaram as proteínas alvo, como determinado por imunofluorecência com anticorpos específicos para as proteínas gD, p24 e E7. As vacinas foram testadas em modelo murino quanto à capacidade de gerar anticorpos e células T CD8+ específicas. Observamos que animais vacinados desenvolveram baixas taxas de anticorpos contra gD, p24 e E7. Em contrapartida, demonstramos a indução de células T CD8+ específicas para os três antígenos testados. Os plasmídeos vacinais foram capazes de proteger camundongos inoculados com células tumorais TC-1 (que expressam a proteína E7 do HPV-16), embora apresentando diferentes níveis de proteção em ensaios profiláticos e terapêuticos. As formulações foram testadas em relação à capacidade de proteger animais frente a desafio com o HSV-1 sendo que apenas um deles gerou efeito protetor. Em conclusão, os resultados demonstram que vacinas voltadas para o controle terapêutico de infecções ou processos tumorais associados aos vírus HPV, HIV e HSV representam uma meta viável e promissora


The proteins E7 (HPV), p24 (HIV) and gD (HSV) are exclusively expressed by infected cells or tumors and therefore are used as targets for vaccines with therapeutic characteristics. We developed two DNA vaccines capable of expressing these three viral proteins using a bicistronic expression vector based on IRES sequence. The plasmid vaccines, named pIRES I and pIRES II, differ by carrying the genes that encode proteins of HPV-16 E7 and p24 fused to the HIV protein gD of HSV-1 in reverse order. Transfected COS-7 cells expressed the target proteins, as determined by immunofluorescence with specific antibodies for gD, p24 and E7. The vaccines were tested in mice for their ability to generate antibodies and specific CD8+ T cells. We observed that vaccinated animals developed low levels of antibodies against gD, E7 and p24. In contrast, we demonstrate the induction of specific CD8+ T cells for the three antigens. The plasmid vaccines were able to protect mice inoculated with TC-1 tumor cells (which express the E7 protein of HPV-16), although with different levels of protection in prophylactic and therapeutic trials. The formulations were tested for ability to protect animals against challenge with HSV-1 and only one of them generated a protective effect. In conclusion, the results show that vaccines directed to therapeutic control of infections or tumor process associated with HPV, HSV or HIV represents a promising and viable goal


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Adjuvants, Immunologic , AIDS Vaccines , Cytokines , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Herpesvirus 1, Human , HIV-1 , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Vaccines, DNA , Viral Envelope Proteins
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